All countries provide for penalties, but their nature differs from one country to another. Sometimes civil penalties are stipulated (F, P), but as a rule sanctions are of a penal nature: Ireland ("offence"), Germany, Finland, France ("manufacturing secrets").
Tous les pays prévoient des sanctions, dont la nature est différente selon les pays : sanctions civiles (F, P), le plus souvent pénales : Irlande ("offence"), Allemagne, Finlande, France (pour les secrets de fabrication).