Il a un baccalauréat en sciences de l'Université de Waterloo; une maîtrise en phytologie, de Guelph; et un doctorat en physiologie végétale de l'University of Western Australia.
He has a Bachelor of Science, from the University of Waterloo; a Masters in plant science, from Guelph; and a Doctorate in plant physiology, from the University of Western Australia.