En Angleterre, on disait «wrongfully and without legal authorization» et en droit canadien, en 1892, lors de l'adoption du premier Code criminel, on l'a rendu par «lawful authority» plutôt que «legal authority».
In England, the provision read " wrongfully and without legal authorization" and in Canadian law, in 1892, when the first Criminal Code was passed, the expression used was " lawful authority" rather than " legal authority" .